What is Information Literacy?

Having read "Progress in developing information literacy in a secondary school using the PLUS model" (Herring and Tarter 2007) I would say my idea of information literacy hasn't really changed but it has expanded. I'm beginning to think that the reason so many people have difficulty defining information literacy is because it's not one tangible thing. I'm beginning to view it as a "continuum", because when you think about it, it starts out as one thing, goes through a gradual transition to a more complex thing. It is a "dangerously ambiguous concept" (Herring and Tarter 2007) because there are so many points on the continuum. In his theories of relativity, Einstein discussed the space-time continuum as a single entity that related space and time in a four-dimensional structure. I know I'm really of the chart here but why can't we think of information literacy as a single entity that relates information and literacy in a four-dimensional structure? Then it can be defined as a habit of mind and a set of skills and behaviours and an attitude, across all disciplines etc. I believe most of the current definitions of information literacy are correct and MAKE SENSE when viewed on the information literacy continuum.

Am I crazy or am I onto something here?

Making it harder than it needs to be...

There's something about information literacy that I don't quite get. Why do some find it so difficult to understand what it is and what it is about? It seems to me that some read more into it than they need to. Maybe I just see things in black and white. My definition of information literacy comes from the words "information", meaning knowledge gained through study, communication, research, instruction, etc, and "literacy", meaning the ability to use language to read, write, listen, and speak at a level that lets one understand and communicate ideas in a literate society, so as to take part in that society. Therefore, "information literacy" is a combination of these definitions - the ability to use language to read, write, listen and speak at a level that lets one understand communicate and used information (knowledge gained) in a literate society, so as to take part in that society.

Pretty simple, really. I don't believe it is something new. It's been around since the dawn of literacy. Langford (1998) states that historically, literacy was interpreted as a basic ability to read, write and comprehend, and as society's needs evolved,literacy became a universal right.

What do people read, write and comprehend? Information, of course! So one might say that literacy has always been connected with information. It was only in the late 20th century that we actually spelled out this connection.

Abilock (2004) sees Information Literacy as sharing a fundamental set of skills with other disciplines. I disagree. I believe it is embedded in all disciplines, in all aspects of society. It does however, involve a fundamental set of core thinking- and problem-solving meta-skills, and as Abilock also states, students develop "habits of mind".

I'm yet to read the Herring article for this section, so we will see how my definition evolves after consideration. I truly believe that by fossicking around, considering different literacies, we are muddying the waters, creating confusion and losing sight of the main idea. Perhaps there are some TLs who want to see information literacy as their special domain, unobtainable by mere mortal teachers. But to get the best situation for the students it has to be the main educational outcome in every school. And perhaps it already is in most schools, it's just not labelled as "Information Literacy".

Information Literacy: A Clarification

After some time away (due to a residential school for another subject) I am finally back into the swing of things, if just a little behind.
I have just read "Information Literacy: A Clarification" by Linda Langford and I must say that this article has really challenged me to consider and reach some sort of understanding of what information literacy is.

Throughout the article I was either saying YES or NO on various definitions/ideas, so I thought I might just list a few so you can get a basic idea on where I'm heading.

• There is a multiplicity of terms that could define "information literacy" - YESIt is defined differently by various schools of thought - YES


• It is a transfiguration - YES (if defined as "the metamorphosis of the old house into something new and exciting"


• An embellished view of the traditional understanding - NO, it incorporates new understanding as well


• A full transformation - Not exactly.


• A new literacy - NO


• A shift in educational thinking has occurred in that literacy is more than the ability to read and to right - YES


• Should be part of the natural discourse of teachers as they design and develop curriculum or discuss pedagogical issues - YES


• The label is fuzzy - NO I think it tells us exactly what it is "information" "literacy"


• Teachers are not clear what it means and how it relates to classroom practice - YES


• The process is unclear - YES


• There is a sense of urgency that essential learning areas include outcomes that ensure all learners become information literate - YES : In the school where I currently teach, literacy and numeracy outcomes must be imbedded in all programs. This is a step in the right direction but is not enough.


• Professionals in the information game must become literate in the field of information - YES! I know many teachers who do not know how to find information other than in a textbook.


• The needs of a society at any time determine how a society interprets a concept - YES


• Literacy is a dynamic concept - "mirrors the expanding information needs of society" - YES


• Kuhlthau (1995) To be literate was not only to recognise when information was required, but involved the ability to construct one's own knowledge through a process - YES


• To code and decode symbols...to translate symbols into meaningful messages - YES! I really like this simple definition. It doesn't explain how but it describes basically what we do with information.


• The concept of info literacy really depends on the information needs of the society of the time - YES


• Policy Directions (1990) defined info literacy as a functional literacy: the ability to read and use written information, to write appropriately in a range a contexts, and to recognise numbers and basic mathematical signs and symbols. YES this definition includes reading, writing, using (understanding) info in a range of contexts. This is how I see info literacy - as a functional literacy - necessary to function in society.


• Literacy is evolving - NO - I think the context in which we use literacy is evolving.


• There is a continuum of skills associated with literacy - YES


• Literacy itself is taking on different forms - transforming from a functional literacy through to a set of literacy - NO I dont agree. I think this is what is confusing people. Go back to the label - "INFORMATION" - this continually changes in how it is presented - "LITERACY" - making sense of this information - evolving rather than changing.


• Defining and redefining of concept could result in confusion and frustration - YES it is already!


• We are being bombarded by other concepts of literacy - YES


• Literacy is an act of semiosis - every act that records symbols of human communication outside the human body is a type of literacy and every act of communication evolves around the encoding and decoding of information - Not quite


• Literacy is fuelled by information and hence all literacy is information literacy - YES to a point


• Australian definition of literacy: to be able to function well in society which entails the ability to read, used numbers and to find information and use it appropriately. YES - this is simple and easy to understand.


• The concept of information literacy is relatively new - I think the LABEL is new, but the concept is not. I think info literacy is an evolution of the concept of literacy, the inclusion of information used to emphasise "meaning" and "understanding".


• Information literacy - a philosophy (COULD BE), a phenomenom (DEFINITELY NOT), a mere frolic with semantics. (NO WAY!)


• There is considerable support for viewing literacy as a continuously evolving concept allowing for a more liberal understanding and hence development of the initial ideal of the universal right to be able to read and write. YES


• How is information literacy defined? In terms of skills (YES), Behaviours/attitudes (YES), learning library/research skills (NO - more than that!), think critically (YES - this is a skill and an attitude), does it relate to an isolated subject (YES it is related to all subjects), an independent notion (NO), an umbrella phrase that has many parts that when meshed into a pedagogical framework, contributes to the holistic development of the individual, ...pathway to function well in society, empowered to learn independently/interdependently (Owen 1996, Kuhlthau 1995) - YES YES YES!


• A new literacy ? NO


• Still the basic literacy mirroring the expanding information needs of society (Brevik 1993) YES!


• Doyle - attributes of a person - NO


• An attainment of skills, that relies on a process. Takes on many approaches depending what part of the curriculum is in focus. YES


• Info literacy concerns itself with the mastery of processes, is a learning tool, and is also something to be learned - YES


• A lifelong goal - YES


• Knowing how to learn - YES


• Understanding of info literacy to be broadened to be inclusive, that is become the key competence for individual and societal development in Australia. YES YES YES


• We need a definition that can be interpreted universally in terms of processes and outcomes - YES


• Is it more appropriate to see this concern as a fundemental issue for all learning communities whereby each facilitator works towards the prime goal - literacy - YES but I would say the prime goal is Information Literacy.


• What needs to occur is a continuous development in educational circles to shape and deeply instil the pedagogy of info literacy as essential for the information society and hence, the learning society - YES


• It is removed from everyday classroom practice - NO not totally but teachers dont really see it as the key outcome


• Time to redefine literacy (and hence info literacy) - NO not redefine it but there is a need to give it extra PR to push it as the main aim for all programs - so it becomes an embedded practice, the natural or basic practice of teachers.

Information Literacy

Quite long but lots of great information.

The Role of Libraries and Librarians in Information Literacy

View more presentations from PLAI STRLC

Inquiry Learning and PBL

I've started reading about inquiry learning, PBL, constructivism, and 21st century learning and what does this mean for us at TLs.

A few points that stand out:

• student centred/student lead


• higher order thinking


• implementation of technology


• collaboration


• 24/7 anywhere,anytime learning


• adapt, adopt, modify


• cyclic inquiry model


• intuitive, deep, conceptual knowledge


• knowledge is created by dynamic interaction with the learning environment


• lifelong learners


• strategies can be interwoven


• student generated questions


• technology


• motivation

Why is this important to TLs?

• related to the information process/info literacy


• show leadership by modelling constructivism strategies


• collaborate with teachers to embed in teaching/learning strategies


• promoted by various pedagogical initiatives


• to help students develop lifelong learning skills in an info-rich environment.

I think as TLs we need to consistently think "outside the box" and consider constructivist strategies whenever we are planning units of work or activities or collaborating with teachers.

Finished!

What a relief! I have finally finished my first assignment in 20 years and feel like I've just given birth! Now all I've got to do is catch up on all the readings (plus the housework) that I've ignored while focusing on the assignment. No rest for the wicked!

Facebook

Are you a facebook fanatic? I've just finished this easy-to-read interesting "biography" about the founders of facebook. The movie "The Social Network" was based on this book. I would recommend it to TLs mainly because it gives you a little bit a background info about facebook and it might gain you some kudos with the "digital natives" if you know a bit about it. I also think it would be a good book to buy for a secondary library.

Lightning Librarian Game

joc_librarian, a photo by Super Furry Librarian on Flickr.

Trying to relieve some assessment stress:
http://inteligencia.isladejuegos.es/bibliotecario.html

Referencing

Aaaarrrhhh!!! I am so over referencing for this first assignment! I have been going at it for several hours and am still not done, even with the help of the Harvard Reference Generator
http://www.neilstoolbox.com/bibliography-creator/reference-journal.htm#

Please, someone remind me to reference as I read/print off articles next time. It would certainly be a lot easier as I have wasted so much time trying to find articles again.

I Want One!

Book Lover Kit: "The perfect gift for any bibliophile, the Book Lover taps into a world of endless new chapters, compelling characters and evocative poems with words like desire, epic, inspire, magic, and mystery."

This would be fun to have in the library. Who knows, it might even encourage students to read more!

Awesome Vodcast!

Watch this excellent vodcast by Mike Eisenberg on the role and image of the TL. He advocates for a "makeover" of the school library program to ensure the TL keeps their job. He has created a to-do list to help transform our image and programs and to transform how we are perceived and what we actually deliver. First on the to-do list is to GET AN ATTITUDE, second is to embrace the BRAND, the MISSION and the FUNCTION. I won't say any more but I would love to hear what other people think about what he has to say.

What People Don't Get About Working in a Library - The Atlantic

What People Don't Get About Working in a Library - The Atlantic

Click on the link to read. It seems like the majority of people, not just school communities, are ignorant about what really goes on in the library. Some major marketing of the profession as a whole is needed for this to change.

Am I Crazy or What?!

I must be some sort of eejit. Who works almost full time, has a hubby working 4-5 12hr shifts a week, has 3 hormonal teen kids and then chooses to study two subjects by DE? I have got absolutely no study done today, am behind one topic in one subject and have an assignment due in this subject. What a day! Gosh I needed to vent!

Assignment One

I am still unsure as to what two aspects of the role of the TL I shall use in my first assignment. I have read a range a articles and still cannot decide. Do I choose aspects of the role that I personally feel are important, or do I choose aspects for which there is a lot a literature available? I was considering that TLs need to be both a qualified "teacher" and a "librarian" and what these roles may involve. The teaching aspect is essential and the role of teacher also overlaps with the role of "instructional partner". Perhaps I have been considering this because I have been teaching for some time and I feel that this has a lot to do with defining who I am. I found myself reading a lot about the role of leader and what that may entail, but I also feel the role of information specialist is important. I'm not sure where I will go to from here. I think I will re-read the Herring and Purcell articles (again!) and hope something jumps out at me. I really want to be able to start writing something concrete down.

Show Me the Evidence!

Show Me The Evidence! (Mary Jo Langhorne 2005)

• There are various studies that show school library programs have a positive impact on student achievement.


• Evidence can be locally generated in a variety of ways.


• Data can be used to enhance budget requests. Budget requests need to be carefully correlated with building instructional goals. It helps to prepare the budget professionally with a spreadsheet. Base it on analysis of the data and include school curriculum and instructional goals.


• Use the data that is at your disposal now, not when cuts are being made.


• A great resource: School Libraries Work! (Scholastic) http://www2.scholastic.com/content/collateral_resources/pdf/s/slw3_2008.pdf


• It is up to us to recognise this as a golden opportunity to solicit support, be visible and gain ground.

My Thoughts: I saw this article as a call to action. We are told what sort of evidence we have at our disposal and practical ways that we can use it and share it with stakeholders. I felt a sense of urgency through the article - the time to act is NOW!

Evidence = Assessment = Advocacy

Evidence = Assessment = Advocacy

(By: Kramer; Diekman. Published in Teacher Librarian, Feb 2010, Vol. 37, p27-9

• Advocacy is about educating stakeholders using the best available evidence and it is an ongoing process.


• The message is about how we prepare students to function in the 21st century.


• The issue of evidence: What difference is made by specific library encounters? TLs need to speak the same language as the teachers and focus on student achievement. TLs need to plan strategically and find out what matters most to teachers and administrators. TLs must learn to gather evidence. It does not need to be formal pre/post tests. It can include KWL charts, an exit slip: "What did you learn today?", a check mark on a clip board.


• The issue of education/assessing the evidence: It is not enought just to collect and document the learning. Reflect and retool lessons to improve student learning. Communicate results to stakeholders. Ask the audience to take some action.


• The issue of advocacy: Advocacy links the evidence gathered with the education of the stakeholders to answer the essential question - How does the school library program affect student achievement? Assessment is an ongoing examination of learning and a shared responsibility with other teachers. Data gathering should occur for nearly every instructional encounter.


• Evidence, assessment, advocacy = always. Speak the same language as other teachers and stakeholders. Collaborate with teachers and build relationships. With evidence TLs can advocate for the school library program. Assessment data needs to be reported regularly - a constant stream of why we are at the centre of teaching and learning.


• The real winners in all this are the students.

My Thoughts If TLs want to ensure survival of their profession and survival of the school library program then they must continually gather evidence (data), assess the evidence, and revise teaching and learning programs to meet the needs of students and improve student achievement. I also think learning how to do this should be an essential part of a TL training program.

Evidence Based Practice

The next part of our studies on the role of the TL looks at accountability, evidence and research. This is important for TL students to look at as it's the way all schools are going in the wake of the current economic climate. If the TL as a species wants to survive, then we have to prove how we make a difference in student learning.
In the next few posts I'm going to jot down some important ideas that I've gained from various articles on EBP.

The Evidence-Based Manifesto - Ross Todd (School Library Journal, April 08)

• Evidence-based school librarianship is an approach that involves examining research-based evidence, school-librarian observed evidence and user-reported evidence. The TL uses this evidence in order to make decisions about programs, resources and services that aid the achievement of a school's mission and goals.


• As the goals usually centre of student achievement and quality teaching and learning, EBP should focus on these as well


• School librarian ship derives its mandate from a diverse body of theoretical and empirical knowledge and active engagement with this knowledge is what enables the profession to continually transform and improve.


• All students can learn through engagement with school libraries.


• The value of a school library can be measured.


• Accountability is an essential component of sustainable development of the school library profession.


• Accountability is a commitment to growth through examining process and practice.


• It involves a move from a "tell me" framework to a "show me" framework.


• It's not about survival of TLs, it's about survival of our students.


• EBP recognises multiple sources, types of evidence and ways of gathering evidence - this develops stronger claims.


• EB school librarianship uses research derived evidence to shape and direct what we do.


• School libraries need to systematically collect evidence.


• There are 3 dimensions to EBP in school libraries: evidence for practice, evidence in practice, evidence of practice.


• TLs need EBP to show why school libraries matter today and how they help students learn.


• EBP validates that QL outcomes can be achieved though the school library and that the school librarian is an important instructional partner.


• EBP means a shift from information inputs to knowledge and skills outputs.


• "Standards For the 21st Century Learner" (AASL) provides a framework for the evidence that should be generated. http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/aasl/guidelinesandstandards/learningstandards/AASL_LearningStandards.pdf


• There are challenges of EBP. We need to make it accessible and applicable so it can be integrated into practice.


• Locally generated evidence could be presented as a portfolio.


• EBP is no about scrambling to find additional time. It is about establishing priorities and making choices about the importance of school libraries and learning.
  

My personal thoughts on EBP:

EBP is essential for all TLs.It must be done looking at a variety of evidence types from a variety of sources. TLs must have a good understanding of the school's goals and mission and make sure their EBP follows along the same lines. Gathering evidence must be ongoing - not a one off. It must be about what is best for the students.

I love this book! I bought it for the school library when I was acting teacher librarian. All the students loved it and could see the humour in it. It also generated a lot of discussion about the pros and cons of print books versus e-books/computers etc.

A Critical Thinking Approach

One of the blogs I've been following http://information-literacy.blogspot.com/ drew my attention to this article.

Maan, N. A. (2011) "A Critical Thinking Approach for Information Education" IFLA SET Bulletin, 12(2), 6-11.
This is in the whole online issue: http://www.ifla.org/files/set/Bulletin/_SET_Bulletin2011-2.pdf

In the article, information literacy is described as a "survival skill" in the information age. The article explains exactly what an information literate individual should be able to do. Information literacy has a life cycle of eleven stages according to the author who lists the stages. This is terrific information for a TL to have. It would enable a TL to benchmark where an individual is on the information literacy spectrum and allow a more individual approach. Where does critical thinking fit in all this?

"Media literacy uses the concept both as a metacognitive ability, which determines the individual’s degree of control of the process of information seeking, and as a set of skills which allow the description, analysis and evaluation of the message (Potter, 2011)."

Basically "critical thinking skills can be learnt in and applied to any domain" (Paul 1993). Four interdependant components of critical thinking are also described. I found the article really interesting as it explains in greater detail what information literacy is, how critical thinking fits into this, and what you can do to ensure your students develop these skills.

I felt this article helped me understand exactly what "information literacy" is and also how it fits into education as a whole.

Go Gadget Go!

The Role of the TL Continued...

Our first assignment for this subject asks us to critically compare two aspects of the views of (a) Herring and (b) Purcell on the role of the teacher librarian. Purcell's article is devoted almost entirely to the various roles the TL takes on, whereas this is only a small part of the Herring article. Purcell gives us snippets of what the different roles entail but doesn't really say why these roles are more important than others. I kind of feel we don't really find out what she thinks - we just get a brief overview. It's like, here - these are the roles and this is a little bit what they're about. Whereas I want to know a bit more why. I also don't feel she has cited enough references. Herring's chapter is presented differently. He's shown us what a few different organisations/people have said and then it's a case of you make up your own mind. Which is good in a way. Everyone's ideas about what the role of a TL is, is of course, very different. Now it's up to us to work out what aspects of the role we feel are important enough to address in our assignment. Personally, I think most aspects could be melded (is this the right word?) together under just a few titles. For example, a TL in the role of teacher, could also be described as a leader. Or, if you are a TL acting in the role of information specialist, then don't you also need to act as a leader and a teacher to fulfil your role? I'm still considering how to work around this in my assignment. Maybe this is where Purcell and Herring fall down - they don't consider how intricately woven the ties are between the different aspects of the roles.

Full-metal dust jackets and wi-fi in uni's space age library.

This article was in todays SMH.

http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/fullmetal-dust-jackets-and-wifi-in-unis-spaceage-library-20110801-1i88g.html

The article is about the new library at Macquarie University and the automated storage and retrieval system that will save space while allowing them to keep all their books. The library will definitely be on my "places to visit" list next time I visit Sydney (which isn't very often, mind you, as I am 10hours away).